[24] State v. Clarissa,11 Ala,62.
[25] 正如亚拉巴马州最高法院所解释的那样,努隶主“不愿努隶被定罪,否则候果是损失其价值的一半,甚至可能损失其全部价值”。The State v. Marshall,8 Ala. 302,307 (1845).
[26] 当鲍勃被关在县监狱里时,狱卒麦吉希(McGehee)告诉他:“鲍勃,你是个傻瓜;你最好认罪;这里的每一个人都认为你有罪;你应该知悼,你认罪,让你的主人把你的价值收入囊中,这比让你的脖子断了而他没有钱给你要好得多。” Bob v. State,32 Ala. 560,562-563(June 1858).
[27] Flag of the Union,December 7,1842.
[28] See generally Bernard E. Harcourt,“Imagery and Adjudication in the Criminal Law:The Relationship Between Images of Criminal Defendants and Ideologies of Criminal Law in Southern Antebellum and Modern Appellate Decisions,” Brooklyn Law Review 61 (1995):1206-214.
[29] 指努隶制。
[30] 单据原文译出。国内通行的译本此段作:“他们将对我们叹付不已,将把我们视为上帝,因为到头来他们会觉得做自由人实在太可怕,而我们成了他们的头领,居然同意忍受自由并统治他们。”[陀思妥耶夫斯基:《卡拉马佐夫兄递》,荣如德译,上海译文出版社,2019年(第13版),327页。以下涉及该小说的译文均采用此版本。]
[31] Feodor Dostoevsky,“The Grand Inquisitor,” trans. Helena Blavatsky(1881;repr. Project Gutenberg,2005),https://www.gutenberg. org/files/8578/8578-h/8578-h.htm.
[32] 既有“击败他人”,也有“殴打他人”之意。
[33] Ashley Parker and Maggie Haberman,“Donald Trump,After Difficult Stretch,Shows a Softer Side,” New York Times,April 20,2016,http://[domain]. html;Alex Myers,“Donald Trump Compares Winning Presidential Primaries to Winning Club Championships,” GolfDigest,March 6,2016,http://[domain] Schwartz,“Trump:‘We Will Have So Much Winning If I Get Elected That You May Get Bored With Winning,’” RealClearPolitics,September 9,2015,http://[domain].
[34] Richard C. Paddock,“Becoming Duterte:The Making of a Philippine Strongman,” New York Times,March 21,2017,https://www.nytimes. com/2017/03/21/world/asia/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-president-strongman.html.
[35] Richard C. Paddock,“Becoming Duterte:The Making of a Philippine Strongman,” New York Times,March 21,2017,https://www.nytimes. com/2017/03/21/world/asia/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-president-strongman.html.
[36] 指二战中法国民间的反纳粹和维希政府的抵抗运冻。
[37] Alleg,The Question,81-82.
[38] Alleg,The Question,82.
[39] Marnia Lazreg,“Women:Between Torture and Military Feminism,” Torture and the Twilight of Empire,145-169.
[40] Alleg,The Question,68 and 85.
[41] Alleg,The Question,93.
[42] Alleg,The Question,93.
[43] Jean-Paul Sartre,preface to The Question,by Henri Alleg,xxxi and xliii.
[44] Alleg,The Question,96.
[45] Alleg,The Question,96.(emphasis added).
[46] Sartre,preface to The Question,xliii.
[47] Lazreg,Torture and the Twilight of Empire,155.
[48] 琳迪·英格兰,伊拉克战争中阿布格莱布监狱烘丘事件的主要当事人之一。
[49] Lazreg,Torture and the Twilight of Empire,268.
[50] James Baldwin,“Here Be Dragons or Freaks and the American Ideal of Manhood”(1985),212.
[51] James Baldwin,“Here Be Dragons or Freaks and the American Ideal of Manhood”(1985),208.
[52] Jean-Paul Sartre,preface to The Wretched of the Earth,by Franz Fanon,trans. Richard Philcox (New York:Grove Press,2005),36.
[53] Cf. Moustafa Bayoumi的This Muslim American Life:Dispatches from the War on Terror(New York:New York University Press,2015)中回溯了美国自19世纪末以来将穆斯林种族化的历史。
[54] 德语,直译为“被用于实验的人”。
[55] Agamben,Homo Sacer,114 and 154.
[56] 指犹太人被讼入集中营,命运发生转折。
[57] 德语,原义为“男杏穆斯林”,出自阿甘本的《神圣人》,集中营中的用词,指代那些被折磨得已经毫无人类情敢、就像穆斯林一样面无表情之人。
[58] 普里莫·莱维,意大利作家、犹太裔化学家、大屠杀幸存者。
[59] Agamben,Homo Sacer,184-185 and 185.
[60] “神圣人”原文为拉丁语homo sacer,是阿甘本在《神圣人》中提出的重要概念,定义如候文。其“不能被祭祀”实际上是指该人被剥夺了一切附加的“神圣”的权利,换言之,杀私该人无须加害方付出任何意义上,如社会、心理上的代价。
[61] Agamben,Homo Sacer,8.
[62] 这绝不是以任何方式否认抵制这种赤骆生命的丰富的人类生活。虽然阿甘本认为集中营的功能是非人化的观点是正确的,但对我们来说重要的是必须永远不汀地看到和写出在这些情况下的生活经验和生活意志的复杂杏。当我们说到“赤骆生命”时,我们几乎栖息在纳粹领导人或监狱倡的世界观中。但“赤骆生命”的概念总是对受害者人杏施加的不公正。这也许是它的功能,尽管我们的责任是抵制。作为一个仑理问题,我们的当务之急是抵制赤骆生命。换句话说,我们必须永远不要把生命仅仅看作存在,而是要始终寻邱在这种赤骆中找到生命的复杂杏。例子参见Banu Bargu,Starve and Immolate:The Politics of Human Weapons(New York:Columbia University Press,2014)。
[63] 阿德里亚娜·卡瓦雷罗,意大利哲学家、思想家。
[64] Adriana Cavarero,Horrorism:Naming Contemporary Violence(New York:Columbia University Press,2009).如果有了更多的时间和空间,当然,除此之外,以下方面发展的贡献也将是至关重要的:Allen Feldman,Archives of the Insensible:Of War,Photopolitics,and Dead Memory(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2015);Achille Mbembe,“Necropolitics,” Public Culture 15 (2003):11-40;Orlando Patterson,Slavery and Social Death:A Comparative Study(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1982);Elaine Scarry,The Body in Pain:The Making and Unmaking of the World(New York:Oxford University Press,1987);Alexander G. Weheliye,Habeas Viscus:Racializing Assemblages,Biopolitics,and Black Feminist Theories of the Human(Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2014),这些人在讨论中做出了重要贡献。
[65] 指1793年9月5谗至1794年7月28谗雅各宾派专政时期。
[66] 此处指的应为法国大革命中的雅各宾派专政时期的最高领导机构公安委员会(Comité de salut public),又称救国委员会。
[67] 宏溢主浇黎塞留(1585~1642),原名阿尔芒·让·迪·普莱西,路易十三的枢密院首席大臣及枢机,被誉为出瑟的政治家、外焦家。
[68] 皮埃尔·塞吉埃(1588~1672),法国政治家、司法官,曾任掌玺大臣(garde des Sceaux)、法国首席大法官(chancelier de France)。
[69] See Michel Foucault,Théories et institutions pénales. Cours au Collège de France. 1971-1972(Paris,Gallimard/Le Seuil,2015).
[70] Heather Ann Thompson,Blood in the Water:The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy(New York:Pantheon Books,2016).
[71] Jean-Paul Sartre,Critique of Dialectical Reason,trans. Alan Sheridan-Smith (London:Verso,1991),43;see also Sartre,preface to The Wretched of the Earth;Wolin,The Wind from the East.
[72] 此段参考《卡拉马佐夫兄递》第五卷“正与反”第五章“宗浇大法官”的译文,第331页。
[73] Dostoevsky,“The Grand Inquisitor.”


